Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
Published on: August 30, 2018
Determination of the biliary excretion of piperacillin in humans using a novel method
Giulia Ghibellini1, Lakshmi S Vasist, Terence E Hill
1School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Aim:
To evaluate the applicability of a novel method to determine the biliary excretion of piperacillin.
Methods:
Healthy volunteers were administered piperacillin i.v. Duodenal aspirates were collected via a custom-made oroenteric catheter; blood and urine also were collected. Gallbladder ejection fraction (EF) was determined by gamma scintigraphy and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis.
Results:
The fraction of the piperacillin dose excreted unchanged into bile was 1.1 +/- 0.3% (biliary clearance corrected for EF was 0.032 +/- 0.008 ml min(-1) kg(-1)).
Conclusions:
This methodology can be used to determine reliably the biliary clearance of drugs that are excreted only marginally into bile. Normalization of biliary clearance for EF significantly reduces intersubject variability of this parameter.
Related Concept Videos
Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ
The Doluisio method involves perfusing a prepared segment of a rat's small intestine with a solution of radiolabeled drug and a non-absorbable marker. This helps to differentiate between absorbed and non-absorbed drug concentrations. The intestinal segment is connected at both ends using tubing and syringes,...
One-Compartment Open Model: Urinary Excretion Data and Determination of k
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling
Post-release drugs and metabolites can be reabsorbed into the body from the intestine. For conjugated metabolites like glucuronides, reabsorption requires enzymatic hydrolysis by intestinal microflora. This...
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors
Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro
The diffusion cell method uses a two-compartment cell, including a donor compartment with the drug solution, which simulates the environment where the drug is applied, and a receptor compartment with a buffer solution, which simulates the environment...
Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacokinetic Methods

