Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 20, 2026

External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?
Published on: June 6, 2020
Complications associated with cesarean section in the second stage of labor
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Objective:
To determine maternal and neonatal complications associated with cesarean section done in the second stage of labor.
Method:
Cohort study comparing cesarean sections done in the second stage of labor (cases) with those done for poor progress in the first stage (controls). Only singleton cephalic live pregnancies at 36 weeks or more, without previous cesarean section, were included.
Result:
There were 39 cases and 39 controls. Cesarean section in the second stage of labor took significantly longer (median 45 vs. 30 min; P<0.001), and was associated with more frequent postoperative pyrexia (10 vs. 2; P=0.012). There were more neonatal admissions in the case group (17 vs. 3; P<0.001). Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy was more frequent in infants following second-stage cesarean section (8 vs. 1; P=0.013), as was subaponeurotic hemorrhage (6 vs. 0; P=0.012).
Conclusion:
Cesarean section in the second stage of labor is associated with significant intraoperative and neonatal morbidity.
Related Concept Videos
Healing II: Complications
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology
Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management

