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Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
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Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
10:46

Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation

Published on: September 18, 2012

On pulse-wave propagation in the ocular circulation.

Konstantin Gugleta1, Asan Kochkorov, Robert Katamay

  • 1University Eye Clinic, Basel, Switzerland. konstantin.gugleta@unibas.ch

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|August 29, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Retinal vessels in vasospastic individuals show altered pulse wave propagation compared to non-vasospastic individuals. The cold pressor test also induced changes in pulse wave timing in healthy subjects.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Ocular circulation dynamics are crucial for retinal health.
  • Understanding pulse wave propagation in retinal vessels aids in diagnosing vascular conditions.
  • Vasospasm can affect ocular blood flow, but its impact on pulse wave characteristics is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure oscillation phase delay between retinal arterioles and venules.
  • To analyze pulse wave propagation in ocular circulation of vasospastic and non-vasospastic subjects.
  • To assess changes in pulse wave propagation during the cold pressor test.

Main Methods:

  • Retinal vessel analyzer used to record ocular fundus pulsations.
  • Phase delay between arteriole and venule pulsations measured at proximal, middle, and distal sites.
  • Choroid-to-retina pulse delay calculated, and changes monitored during cold pressor test.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in oscillation phase delay and choroid-to-retina pulse delay were found between vasospastic and non-vasospastic subjects.
  • Pulse wave propagation velocity appeared faster in vasospastic subjects, suggesting stiffer vessels.
  • The cold pressor test induced significant changes in choroid-to-retina pulse delays in healthy subjects.

Conclusions:

  • Retinal vessels in vasospastic subjects exhibit altered pulse wave propagation patterns.
  • Vasospastic vessels appear stiffer, conducting pulse waves faster.
  • Pulse wave dynamics in the retina change under physiological stress, as demonstrated by the cold pressor test.