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Extraction and Visualization of Protein Aggregates after Treatment of Escherichia coli with a Proteotoxic Stressor
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Published on: June 29, 2021

Effect of lactoferrin on enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC).

Theresa J Ochoa1, Eric L Brown, Chase E Guion

  • 1Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Biochemistry and Cell Biology = Biochimie Et Biologie Cellulaire
|August 29, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Bovine lactoferrin inhibits enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) growth and virulence. This study shows lactoferrin disrupts EAEC adherence and biofilm formation, independent of the type III secretory system (TTSS).

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Lactoferrin is known to inhibit certain bacterial virulence factors.
  • Previous studies showed lactoferrin disrupts the type III secretory system (TTSS) in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri.
  • The specificity of lactoferrin's effect on virulence mechanisms independent of TTSS requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if lactoferrin's anti-virulence effects extend to pathogens not reliant on TTSS.
  • To investigate the impact of bovine lactoferrin on enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed the effect of bovine lactoferrin on EAEC growth and adherence to HEp-2 cells.
  • Evaluated EAEC biofilm formation and autoagglutination.
  • Microscopy and colony-forming unit (CFU) counts were used for quantification.
  • Investigated the role of iron saturation and aggregative adherence fimbria.

Main Results:

  • Bovine lactoferrin inhibited EAEC growth in a dose-dependent manner, an effect reversed by iron saturation.
  • Under non-bacteriostatic conditions, lactoferrin reduced EAEC adherence to HEp-2 cells, biofilm formation, and increased autoagglutination.
  • Lactoferrin induced the release and degradation of aggregative adherence fimbria, a key EAEC virulence factor.
  • These effects were independent of the type III secretory system (TTSS).

Conclusions:

  • Bovine lactoferrin possesses anti-virulence properties against EAEC, irrespective of TTSS.
  • Lactoferrin likely disrupts EAEC outer membrane proteins by binding to lipopolysaccharide's lipid A component.
  • These findings broaden the understanding of lactoferrin's antimicrobial mechanisms beyond TTSS inhibition.