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Dining on disease: how interactions between infection and environment affect predation risk.

Pieter T J Johnson1, Daniel E Stanton, Eric R Preu

  • 1Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, 680 North Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1492, USA. ptjohnson2@wisc.edu

Ecology
|August 30, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Chytrid infections increase Daphnia predation risk by fish, but high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in water eliminates this effect. Infected Daphnia are found in darker waters, concealing their increased visibility.

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Parasitology
  • Aquatic Ecology

Background:

  • Ecological interactions between predators and pathogens are increasingly recognized.
  • Few studies have experimentally tested how infection impacts host predation risk.
  • Environmental conditions can influence predator-prey-pathogen dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of chytrid infection (Polycaryum laeve) on Daphnia susceptibility to fish predation.
  • To determine how environmental factors, specifically dissolved organic carbon (DOC), moderate this predator-prey-pathogen interaction.

Main Methods:

  • Combined mesocosm experiments with in situ foraging data and lake surveys.
  • Assessed fish predation preference for infected versus uninfected Daphnia.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Correlated infection prevalence with environmental characteristics like DOC and light penetration.
  • Main Results:

    • Fish (bluegill, yellow perch) preferentially preyed on infected Daphnia (2-10 times higher risk).
    • Higher infection intensity increased predation risk for infected Daphnia.
    • Selective predation on infected Daphnia was eliminated in high DOC water.
    • Chytrid infections were more prevalent in lakes with higher DOC and lower light penetration.

    Conclusions:

    • Parasitism significantly alters host predation risk, with infection intensity being a key factor.
    • Water color (high DOC) can mask the increased visibility of infected hosts, thereby reducing selective predation.
    • Infected Daphnia are more likely to inhabit environments that reduce their conspicuousness, illustrating a strong interplay between parasitism, predation, and environmental conditions.