Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis01:23

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis

Mechanistic models are utilized in individual analysis using single-source data, but imperfections arise due to data collection errors, preventing perfect prediction of observed data. The mathematical equation involves known values (Xi), observed concentrations (Ci), measurement errors (εi), model parameters (ϕj), and the related function (ƒi) for i number of values. Different least-squares metrics quantify differences between predicted and observed values. The ordinary least squares (OLS)...
Pharmacodynamic Models: Additive and Proportional Drug Effect Model01:09

Pharmacodynamic Models: Additive and Proportional Drug Effect Model

Drug response models describe how pharmacological agents interact with biological systems to produce measurable effects. Baseline responses are inherent physiological activities without a drug significantly influencing the observed pharmacological outcomes. Depending on the drug response model employed, these baseline responses may combine with the drug's effect in either an additive or proportional manner.Additive Drug Response ModelIn the additive model, the drug effect is independent of the...
Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Pharmacodynamic Models: Direct Effect Model and Indirect Response Model01:29

Pharmacodynamic Models: Direct Effect Model and Indirect Response Model

Pharmacodynamic models are essential tools in understanding the relationship between drug concentrations and their effects on biological systems. By characterizing the dynamics of drug action, these models guide dose selection, optimize therapeutic efficacy, and inform the development of new drugs. Two major classes of pharmacodynamic models include direct effect and indirect response models.Direct Effect ModelsDirect effect models describe the immediate relationship between drug concentration...
Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

From sources to Rivers: regional water quality modelling as a tool to disentangle pharmaceutical pollution from urban and rural sources.

Integrated environmental assessment and management·2026
Same author

Towards a unified framework for biodiversity action in the Triple Planetary Crisis.

Environment international·2026
Same author

Bridging chemical structure and genetic similarity: A Bio-QSAR model for cross-species toxicity predictions.

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety·2026
Same author

Improving the Ecotoxicological Hazard Assessment of Chemicals by Pairwise Learning.

Environmental science & technology·2025
Same author

Calibrating Predicted Mixture Toxic Pressure to Observed Biodiversity Loss in Aquatic Ecosystems.

Global change biology·2025
Same author

Research gaps and recommendations to improve the Safe and Sustainable by Design framework.

Integrated environmental assessment and management·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Necropsy-based Wild Fish Health Assessment
07:57

Necropsy-based Wild Fish Health Assessment

Published on: September 11, 2018

Predictive models attribute effects on fish assemblages to toxicity and habitat alteration.

Dick de Zwart1, Scott D Dyer, Leo Posthuma

  • 1National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands. d.de.zwart@rivm.nl

Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America
|August 30, 2006
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method to assess biological stream health and pinpoint pollution causes using fish, habitat, and chemistry data. The approach visually attributes impairment to specific environmental stressors, aiding managers in restoration efforts.

More Related Videos

In Silico Modeling Method for Computational Aquatic Toxicology of Endocrine Disruptors: A Software-Based Approach Using QSAR Toolbox
05:47

In Silico Modeling Method for Computational Aquatic Toxicology of Endocrine Disruptors: A Software-Based Approach Using QSAR Toolbox

Published on: August 28, 2019

Laboratory Estimation of Net Trophic Transfer Efficiencies of PCB Congeners to Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from Its Prey
12:24

Laboratory Estimation of Net Trophic Transfer Efficiencies of PCB Congeners to Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from Its Prey

Published on: August 29, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Necropsy-based Wild Fish Health Assessment
07:57

Necropsy-based Wild Fish Health Assessment

Published on: September 11, 2018

In Silico Modeling Method for Computational Aquatic Toxicology of Endocrine Disruptors: A Software-Based Approach Using QSAR Toolbox
05:47

In Silico Modeling Method for Computational Aquatic Toxicology of Endocrine Disruptors: A Software-Based Approach Using QSAR Toolbox

Published on: August 28, 2019

Laboratory Estimation of Net Trophic Transfer Efficiencies of PCB Congeners to Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from Its Prey
12:24

Laboratory Estimation of Net Trophic Transfer Efficiencies of PCB Congeners to Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from Its Prey

Published on: August 29, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Quantifying biological resource condition and diagnosing impairment causes are crucial for environmental management.
  • Existing methods for attributing impairment to specific causes are often problematic and difficult to communicate.
  • A novel approach is needed to integrate biological condition, habitat, and chemical data for effective environmental assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate an integrated approach for assessing biological condition and attributing impairment to multiple probable causes in streams.
  • To link fish community data, habitat characteristics, and water chemistry to quantify biological impairment.
  • To present complex analytical results in an easily interpretable format for environmental managers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a geographic information system (GIS) to manage data from hundreds of Ohio streams.
  • Employed a RIVPACS (river invertebrate prediction and classification system)-like predictive model to assess biological condition based on fish species presence/absence.
  • Estimated contaminant mixture toxicity using species sensitivity distributions and regression models to link biological condition with habitat and stressors.

Main Results:

  • Developed a novel method linking fish, habitat, and chemistry data to assess biological condition and attribute impairment.
  • Successfully identified and quantified the relative contributions of multiple stressors to biological impairment in streams.
  • Visualized results using simple effect and probable-cause pie charts (EPC pie diagrams) for clear communication.

Conclusions:

  • The developed approach effectively quantifies biological impairment and attributes it to probable environmental causes.
  • The use of EPC pie diagrams enhances the communication of complex ecological assessment results to managers.
  • This integrated method provides a robust framework for diagnosing stream health issues and guiding restoration strategies.