Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Interference and Decay

Interference and Decay

Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...

Forgetting

Forgetting

Forgetting is an intrinsic aspect of human memory, characterized by the gradual loss or inaccessibility of information over time. Hermann Ebbinghaus, a pioneering psychologist, extensively studied this phenomenon and formulated the forgetting curve. This curve illustrates that memory loss occurs rapidly immediately after learning and then decelerates over time. Several mechanisms contribute to forgetting, including encoding failure, storage decay, retrieval failure, and interference.
Encoding...

Retrieval

Retrieval

Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
Recall involves accessing information without cues, such as during an essay test, where individuals must retrieve facts and concepts from memory unaided. Another example is remembering the name of a colleague...

Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon

Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon

The tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon is a cognitive experience characterized by a temporary inability to retrieve specific information from memory despite having a strong feeling of knowing the information. Although individuals cannot access the target word or detail, they frequently recall related elements, such as its initial letter, syllable count, or context. This partial retrieval often causes frustration, as one might recognize a familiar face or know that a name starts with a specific...

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...

Implicit Memories

Implicit Memories

Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Effect of episodic specificity induction on divergent thinking: A meta-analytic study.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026

Same author

Exploring episodic specificity induction on divergent thinking in children.

PloS one·2026

Same author

Mini-Review: Cathodal tDCS over the right prefrontal cortex and inhibitory control: Pinpointing an electrode montage to disrupt a domain-general system.

Neuroscience letters·2025

Same author

Salsolinol-Containing <i>Senna silvestris</i> Exerts Antiviral Activity Against Hepatitis B Virus.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

On the Causal Role of the Right Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Active Forgetting.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2025

Same author

Redesign of a Flange Wheel Used in an Airplane for Composite Manufacturing Made with a Mold with Removable Inserts Manufactured by Means of 3D Printing: A Comparison with the Current Conventional Alternative, a Turbine Wheel Machined out of Aluminum.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

Retrieval-induced forgetting in perceptually driven memory tests.

M Teresa Bajo¹, Carlos J Gómez-Ariza, Angel Fernandez

¹Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. mbajo@ugr.es

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition

|August 30, 2006

Summary

Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) occurs in perceptually driven tasks when retrieval practice involves competition and adequate cuing. The final memory test must also target the inhibited memory representation for RIF to manifest.

More Related Videos

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Memory Research
Neuroscience of Memory

Background:

Previous research suggested retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) is exclusive to conceptual memory tasks.
This notion stemmed from RIF's absence in perceptually driven tasks.
The current study challenges this by investigating the underlying mechanisms of RIF.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) is contingent on memory representation transfer and competition.
To test whether the nature of the final retrieval test influences the presence of RIF.
To re-evaluate the role of conceptual versus perceptual memory in RIF.

Main Methods:

Adapted the standard retrieval-induced forgetting paradigm.
Introduced lexical categories (words sharing initial letters) during study and practice phases.
Employed direct and indirect fragment completion tests for retrieval assessment.

Main Results:

Significant retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) effects were observed even in perceptually driven tasks.
The presence of RIF was dependent on adequate cuing to stimulate competition during retrieval practice.
RIF manifestation also relied on the final memory test probing the inhibited memory representation.

Conclusions:

Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) is not limited to conceptual memory tasks.
The key factors for RIF are the induction of competition during retrieval practice and the nature of the final test.
These findings highlight the importance of retrieval dynamics and test sensitivity in memory inhibition.