Inhibition of inflammatory responses by leukocyte Ig-like receptors

The immune system must effectively regulate the balance between beneficial and detrimental inflammation. This process is achieved in part through cell surface receptors that rapidly integrate activating and inhibitory signals. The inhibitory members of the leukocyte Ig-like receptor (LILR) family, termed LILRBs, are broadly distributed among cell populations in the immune system and potently counterregulate cell activation induced by stimuli of innate and adaptive immune responses. Studies in mice and humans indicate that LILRBs appreciably downregulate harmful inflammatory responses induced by microbial, allergic, and cytotoxic mechanisms. Hence, the LILRBs likely play significant roles in regulating the incidence and severity of many inflammatory diseases, making them potential targets for therapeutic interventions.