Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
Inhibitors of Gram-positive Cell Wall Synthesis01:23

Inhibitors of Gram-positive Cell Wall Synthesis

Bacterial cell walls are typically rigid structures composed mainly of peptidoglycan, a mesh-like polymer that provides mechanical strength and maintains cell shape. The synthesis of peptidoglycan is a crucial process in bacterial growth and serves as a primary target for many antibiotics.Mechanism of Action of Beta-Lactam AntibioticsBeta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis in actively growing cells. These antibiotics share a characteristic four-membered...
Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

Overview

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The current discordance on Serratia spp. taxonomical diagnosis using proteomics or genomic tools.

BMC microbiology·2026
Same author

Lipid A modification is associated with colistin susceptibility in Serratia nevei clinical isolates.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Addressing therapeutic options for KPC-3-producing ST307-<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>: insights from <i>in vitro</i> evolution and mutant prevention strategies.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy·2026
Same author

Molecular war and peace: the concurrent path to antibiosis and antibiotic resistance.

Frontiers in microbiology·2026
Same author

Engineering low-endotoxin lipid A in a double auxotroph <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> to develop safer whole-cell vaccines.

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology·2026
Same author

In vitro activity of aztreonam/avibactam and comparators against Enterobacterales isolates from patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and complicated intra-abdominal infections (ATLAS, 2021-2022).

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance
09:00

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

Published on: May 2, 2018

The CTX-M beta-lactamase pandemic.

Rafael Cantón1, Teresa M Coque

  • 1Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034-Madrid, Spain.

Current Opinion in Microbiology
|September 1, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Insertion sequences ISEcp1 and ISCR1 mobilize CTX-M beta-lactamase genes, driving their spread via plasmids. Co-selection with other resistance genes in Escherichia coli facilitates this global pandemic of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • CTX-M enzymes are the leading cause of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase resistance in healthcare and community settings.
  • Insertion sequences (ISs) ISEcp1 and ISCR1 are implicated in the mobilization of beta-lactamase genes from Kluyvera species, showing high homology to blaCTX-Ms.
  • These ISs exhibit specific gene associations: ISEcp1 with most blaCTX-Ms, and ISCR1 with blaCTX-M-2 or blaCTX-M-9.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms and genetic structures facilitating the widespread dissemination of CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
  • To understand the role of insertion sequences and mobile genetic elements in the evolution and spread of CTX-M-producing bacteria.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of genetic structures, including insertion sequences (ISEcp1, ISCR1), integrons, and transposons, associated with blaCTX-M genes.

More Related Videos

Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes
08:58

Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes

Published on: March 3, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance
09:00

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

Published on: May 2, 2018

Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes
08:58

Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes

Published on: March 3, 2023

  • Plasmid analysis to identify host-range, incompatibility groups, and co-resistance genes.
  • Phylogenetic and genotypic analysis of Escherichia coli isolates carrying CTX-M genes.

    • Main Results:

    • blaCTX-M genes linked to ISEcp1 are often found in multidrug resistance regions, while those linked to ISCR1 are embedded in class 1 integrons and associated with Tn21-like transposons.
    • These genetic structures are located on plasmids that frequently co-harbor resistance genes for aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and fluoroquinolones (qnr, aac(6')-Ib-cr).
    • Dissemination is further driven by specific clones and epidemic strains of Escherichia coli, such as CTX-M-15 producers.

    Conclusions:

    • The mobilization by ISEcp1 and ISCR1, coupled with co-selection on mobile genetic elements and plasmids, has significantly contributed to the current pandemic of CTX-M beta-lactamases.
    • Understanding these genetic dissemination pathways is crucial for combating the spread of antibiotic resistance.