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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...

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Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Debridement and Drainage for Pancreatic Abscess

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Debridement and Drainage for Pancreatic Abscess

Published on: March 15, 2024

Hemorrhage into pancreatic pseudocyst.

Osamu Ikeda¹, Shuichi Kume, Yoshitsugu Torigoe

¹Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8505, Japan. osamu-3643ik@do9.enjoy.ne.jp

Abdominal Imaging

|September 1, 2006

Summary

Hemorrhage into an alcoholic pancreatic pseudocyst caused severe pain. Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) successfully treated the bleeding pseudoaneurysm, reducing the pseudocyst size and alleviating pain.

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$Laparoscopic Duodenum-Preserving Pancreatic Head Resection via Inferior Infracolic Approach: A Surgical Approach for Benign Lesions$

Laparoscopic Duodenum-Preserving Pancreatic Head Resection via Inferior Infracolic Approach: A Surgical Approach for Benign Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

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Last Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Debridement and Drainage for Pancreatic Abscess

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Debridement and Drainage for Pancreatic Abscess

Published on: March 15, 2024

$Laparoscopic Duodenum-Preserving Pancreatic Head Resection via Inferior Infracolic Approach: A Surgical Approach for Benign Lesions$

Laparoscopic Duodenum-Preserving Pancreatic Head Resection via Inferior Infracolic Approach: A Surgical Approach for Benign Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Interventional Radiology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Pancreatic pseudocysts, often linked to alcohol abuse, can present with complications like hemorrhage.
Hemorrhage into a pseudocyst can lead to enlargement and increased pain.

Observation:

A patient presented with upper abdominal pain due to an alcoholic pancreatic pseudocyst with hemorrhage.
CT imaging revealed a 6 cm pseudocyst with specific signal intensities on T1 and T2 weighted images, suggesting hemorrhage.
Angiography identified a pseudoaneurysm in the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal (ASPD) artery.

Findings:

Selective transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of the ASPD artery effectively stopped the arterial bleeding.
Following TAE, the pancreatic pseudocyst diameter decreased significantly, and its MRI signal intensities normalized.
The patient's abdominal pain substantially improved after the intervention.

Implications:

Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is a minimally invasive and highly effective treatment for managing hemorrhage in pancreatic pseudocysts.
This case highlights the importance of angiography in diagnosing pseudoaneurysms associated with pancreatic pseudocysts.
Successful TAE can lead to pseudocyst resolution and significant symptom relief.