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Related Concept Videos

Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain
05:51

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain

Published on: July 24, 2016

Neonatal fungal ventriculitis.

Ka Kit Wong1, Simon M Gruenewald, George Larcos

  • 1Department of Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Sydney 2145, New South Wales, Australia.

Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : JCU
|September 1, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal intracranial fungal infections, particularly Candida ventriculitis in premature infants, require prompt diagnosis. Cranial sonography effectively monitored treatment response in an extremely low birth weight neonate.

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Intracerebroventricular Viral Injection of the Neonatal Mouse Brain for Persistent and Widespread Neuronal Transduction
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Published on: September 15, 2014

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Last Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain
05:51

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain

Published on: July 24, 2016

Intracerebroventricular Viral Injection of the Neonatal Mouse Brain for Persistent and Widespread Neuronal Transduction
10:15

Intracerebroventricular Viral Injection of the Neonatal Mouse Brain for Persistent and Widespread Neuronal Transduction

Published on: September 15, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Intracranial fungal infections are an emerging concern in neonatal intensive care units.
  • Premature infants, especially those with extremely low birth weight, face the highest risk.

Observation:

  • A case of fungal ventriculitis caused by Candida species in an extremely low birth weight neonate is presented.
  • Cranial sonography was utilized for diagnostic assessment.

Findings:

  • The sonographic examination revealed extensive ventricular stranding, indicative of infection.
  • Therapeutic intervention led to the complete resolution of the ventricular stranding.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the utility of cranial sonography in diagnosing and monitoring intracranial fungal infections in neonates.
  • Early detection and effective treatment are crucial for improving outcomes in at-risk premature infants.