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Related Concept Videos

Veins of Head and Neck01:19

Veins of Head and Neck

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The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
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Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
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Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

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The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
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Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

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The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Related Experiment Videos

Secondary headaches.

Jack Gladstein1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Pediatric Headache Clinic, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Room N5W69, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. jgladstein@peds.umaryland.edu

Current Pain and Headache Reports
|September 2, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This article presents a headache patient classification system based on headache patterns. It aids in diagnosing various headache types, emphasizing secondary causes beyond common migraines.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Headache is a common neurological symptom with diverse etiologies.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective patient management.
  • Migraine is the most frequent diagnosis, but other causes must be considered.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a structured approach for headache patient evaluation.
  • To classify headaches based on distinct patterns.
  • To emphasize the differential diagnosis of secondary headache causes.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of headaches into acute recurrent, acute, chronic progressive, and chronic nonprogressive patterns.
  • Systematic review of differential diagnoses within each pattern.
  • Focus on identifying secondary causes of headache.

Main Results:

  • A framework for classifying headache presentations is established.
  • Differential diagnoses are detailed for each headache pattern.
  • Guidelines for recognizing non-migraine secondary headache causes are provided.

Conclusions:

  • A pattern-based approach enhances headache diagnosis.
  • Recognizing secondary causes is vital for comprehensive patient care.
  • This classification aids clinicians in managing diverse headache presentations.