Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Evolution and Validation of Thyroid Cancer Guidelines as Evidence Advances Toward Individualized Therapy.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same author

Telomere maintaining germline and somatic variants in thyroid cancer and melanoma.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Counseling Female Thyroid Cancer Patients on Radioactive Iodine and Fertility.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2026
Same author

Disulfiram metabolite Cu(DDC)<sub>2</sub> enhances radionuclide uptake in vivo revealing insights into tumoural ablation resistance.

EBioMedicine·2026
Same author

Global multi-ancestry genome-wide analyses identify genes and biological pathways associated with thyroid cancer and benign thyroid diseases.

Nature genetics·2026
Same author

Identification of Rare Noncoding Variants in Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

AKT in thyroid tumorigenesis and progression.

Motoo Shinohara1, Yun Jae Chung, Motoyasu Saji

  • 1Divisions of Endocrinology and Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 1581 Dodd Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Endocrinology
|September 2, 2006
PubMed
Summary

The AKT signaling pathway is crucial in human cancers, especially thyroid cancer. This review examines AKT

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway is a key regulator of cellular processes.
  • AKT activation is frequently observed in various human cancers, including thyroid cancer.
  • AKT signaling plays a significant role in the development and progression of thyroid malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of AKT signaling in thyroid cancer.
  • To highlight AKT's involvement in tumorigenesis and cancer progression.
  • To discuss current debates regarding AKT's function in thyroid cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on AKT signaling in thyroid cancer.
  • Analysis of AKT's role in different types of thyroid cancer (follicular, papillary).

More Related Videos

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
07:01

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
07:02

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
07:01

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
07:02

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2019

  • Focus on AKT's involvement in inherited and sporadic forms of thyroid cancer.

    • Main Results:

    • AKT activation is implicated in the initiation of follicular thyroid cancer.
    • Phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase and AKT signaling are important for the progression of both papillary and follicular thyroid cancers.
    • AKT influences critical cellular functions like metabolism, apoptosis, proliferation, and migration.

    Conclusions:

    • AKT signaling is a central player in thyroid cancer development and progression.
    • Understanding AKT's role is critical for therapeutic strategies in thyroid cancer.
    • Further research is needed to resolve ongoing debates surrounding AKT's precise functions in thyroid cancer.