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Hypermutable bacteria isolated from humans--a critical analysis.

Lucinda M C Hall1, Stephanie K Henderson-Begg1

  • 1Centre for Infectious Disease, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK.

Microbiology (Reading, England)
|September 2, 2006
PubMed
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Hypermutable bacteria, or mutators, are increasingly found in human infections. This review clarifies methods for defining bacterial hypermutability and highlights key species like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Helicobacter pylori.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Hypermutable bacteria (mutators) have been identified in human isolates over the past decade.
  • Defining and measuring bacterial hypermutability presents challenges due to diverse methodologies.
  • The mismatch repair gene mutS inactivation is frequently linked to the mutator phenotype.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and clarify the diverse methods used to define and determine bacterial hypermutability.
  • To discuss the implications of hypermutability in clinically relevant bacterial species.
  • To explore factors contributing to hypermutability in human-associated bacteria.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on bacterial hypermutability.
  • Analysis of different methods for assessing mutation frequency.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of mutator prevalence across various bacterial species and infection sites.

    • Main Results:

    • The impact of mutS inactivation on mutation frequency varies significantly across species (10- to 1,000-fold increases).
    • High proportions of mutators are observed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (cystic fibrosis), Neisseria meningitidis (serogroup A), and Helicobacter pylori.
    • The interpretation of hypermutability data is complicated by methodological diversity.

    Conclusions:

    • Standardized methods are needed for consistent assessment of bacterial hypermutability.
    • Understanding the biological context of infections is crucial for explaining hypermutability.
    • Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms and implications of bacterial mutators in human health.