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Related Experiment Videos

Treatment processes for source-separated urine.

M Maurer1, W Pronk, T A Larsen

  • 1Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland. max.maurer@eawag.ch

Water Research
|September 5, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Separate urine collection offers flexible wastewater treatment. While various technologies exist for hygienisation, nutrient recovery, and micropollutant removal, most are still in early development stages.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Water Treatment Technologies
  • Resource Recovery

Background:

  • Separate urine collection is gaining traction for wastewater treatment flexibility.
  • Collected urine properties necessitate tailored treatment strategies.
  • Existing research focuses on diverse urine treatment objectives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current urine treatment processes and their properties.
  • To categorize urine treatment based on seven main purposes.
  • To assess the technological readiness of various urine processing methods.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of urine treatment technologies.
  • Categorization of processes by function: hygienisation, volume reduction, stabilisation, P-recovery, N-recovery, nutrient removal, micropollutant handling.

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  • Analysis of the developmental stage of each technology.

    • Main Results:

    • A wide array of technical options exists for effective urine treatment.
    • No single technology fulfills all seven treatment purposes.
    • Most processes (except evaporation and storage) remain at the laboratory stage.

    Conclusions:

    • Tailored technical solutions or combinations are required based on treatment goals.
    • Significant development is needed to optimize urine processing for marketable products.
    • Urine treatment technologies require further advancement for practical application.