Hormesis outperforms threshold model in National Cancer Institute antitumor drug screening database

Which dose-response model best explains low-dose responses is a critical issue in toxicology, pharmacology, and risk assessment. The present paper utilized the U.S. National Cancer Institute yeast screening database that contains 56,914 dose-response studies representing the replicated effects of 2189 chemically diverse possible antitumor drugs on cell proliferation in 13 different yeast strains. Multiple evaluation methods indicated that the observed data are inconsistent with the threshold model while supporting the hormetic model. Hormetic response patterns were observed approximately four times more often than would be expected by chance alone. The data call for the rejection of the threshold model for low-dose prediction, and they support the hormetic model as the default model for scientific interpretation of low-dose toxicological responses.