Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
Published on: November 11, 2016
A Timeless debate: resolving TIM's noncircadian roles with possible clock function
1Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. gotter@email.chop.edu
Abstract:
Mammalian TIMELESS (TIM) was identified due to its sequence similarity to Drosophila TIM, an essential circadian clock protein in flies. Published literature is inconsistent regarding the rhythmic expression of mammalian Tim, the interaction of the TIM protein with other clock proteins and its role in regulating clock gene transcription. Comprehensive sequence analysis not only demonstrates that mammalian TIM is more similar to a second, TIM-like sequence in Drosophila (TIMEOUT), but is also a member of an evolutionarily conserved family of TIM orthologs that is distinct from the circadian-specific TIM proteins found in insects. The vital cellular function of these widely conserved TIM orthologs makes it difficult to determine the specific role of mammalian TIM in the circadian clock mechanism.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation
Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...
Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses
Understanding Sleep
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
Management of Insomnia

