The use of three-dimensional imaging in orthodontics

The article illustrates the value of three-dimensional imaging of the face and jaws in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. The applications of programs that have been written for the analysis of facial form are also described, including registration and prediction. The use of the Procrustes analysis is demonstrated in groups of children and adults to differentiate between male and female facial morphology. The use of scanning in forensic science is also described. The application of surface shape analysis to groups of monozygotic and dizygotic twins and to family studies to detect those areas that are genetically determined from those areas, which are not, is illustrated.