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Magnesium therapy in ventricular arrhythmias.

A Keren¹, D Tzivoni

¹Heiden Department of Cardiology, Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.

Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : PACE

|July 1, 1990

Summary

Magnesium (Mg) effectively treats cardiac arrhythmias in digitalis toxicity and drug-induced torsade de pointes. It also serves as an important adjuvant therapy for diuretic-treated hypertensives and acute myocardial infarction patients.

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Clinical Electrophysiology
Biochemistry

Background:

Magnesium (Mg) activates over 300 enzymes crucial for cellular energy, permeability, and cardiac ion channel function.
Its role in antiarrhythmic efficacy is linked to its influence on cardiac electrophysiology.
This review examines Mg's impact in four distinct clinical scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the clinical efficacy of magnesium (Mg) administration in specific cardiovascular conditions.
To elucidate the mechanisms behind Mg's antiarrhythmic effects in these settings.

Main Methods:

Literature review summarizing Mg's effects in digitalis toxicity, drug-induced torsade de pointes, diuretic therapy, and acute myocardial infarction.
Analysis of experimental and clinical data on Mg's impact on cardiac arrhythmias.

Main Results:

Mg effectively abolished ventricular tachyarrhythmias in digitalis intoxication by activating sodium-potassium ATP-ase.
Mg sulfate rapidly resolved drug-induced torsade de pointes by suppressing early afterdepolarizations.
Mg aids potassium repletion in diuretic-treated patients and improves survival/reduces arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction.

Conclusions:

Magnesium is a first-line therapy for digitalis intoxication and drug-related torsade de pointes.
Mg is a valuable adjuvant therapy for hypertensives on diuretics and in acute myocardial infarction.
Mg administration demonstrates significant clinical benefits in managing specific cardiac arrhythmias.

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