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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory

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Published on: November 15, 2013

Magma heating by decompression-driven crystallization beneath andesite volcanoes.

Jon Blundy¹, Kathy Cashman, Madeleine Humphreys

¹Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK. Jon.Blundy@bris.ac.uk

|September 8, 2006

Summary

Magma ascending in volcanoes can heat up significantly due to crystallization, releasing latent heat. This finding helps explain volcanic textures and improves explosive eruption prediction.

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Area of Science:

Geosciences
Volcanology
Petrology

Background:

Explosive volcanic eruptions are driven by the exsolution of water-rich vapor from silicic magma.
Eruption dynamics are complex, involving bubble nucleation, growth, and crystallization, leading to unpredictable magma property variations.
Tracking magma temperature variations deep beneath volcanoes has been a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a method for tracking pressure-temperature-crystallinity paths in ascending magma.
To investigate temperature variations in magma beneath active andesite volcanoes.
To determine the role of latent heat release from crystallization in magma heating.

Main Methods:

Utilizing glassy melt inclusions trapped in plagioclase crystals.
Measuring dissolved H2O in melt inclusions to constrain water pressure.
Analyzing incompatible trace element concentrations to calculate magma crystallinity.
Employing plagioclase-melt and ilmenite-magnetite geothermometry to determine temperature.

Main Results:

Developed a novel method to track magma's pressure-temperature-crystallinity evolution.
Ascending magma beneath two andesite volcanoes showed temperature increases of up to 100°C.
The observed heating is attributed to the release of latent heat during crystallization.

Conclusions:

Magma ascent can involve significant heating due to latent heat release from crystallization.
This heating mechanism can explain common textural features in andesitic magmas.
The findings provide crucial insights for modeling and predicting explosive volcanic eruptions.