Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms
Published on: December 9, 2015
What clinicians need to know about antioestrogen resistance in breast cancer therapy
Amalia Milano1, Lissandra Dal Lago, Christos Sotiriou
1Medical Oncology and Translational Research Unit, Jules Bordet Institute, Rue Héger-Bordet, 1, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
Abstract:
Tamoxifen is the drug most used for early breast cancer treatment in oestrogen receptor (ER) positive patients. Unfortunately, despite high ER tumour levels in a tumour, resistance to endocrine therapy, either de novo or acquired after prolonged treatment, can occur. In this review, we will try to summarise the postulated mechanisms of hormonal-resistance, namely, the role of co-regulators and the crosstalk between the HER-2, IGF-IR, Cox-2 and ER pathways. Other predictive markers of tamoxifen-resistance/response, such as cyclin E and UPA/PAI-1, are also discussed.
Related Concept Videos
Treatment Resistant Cancers
Treatment Resistent Cancers
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle
Targeted Cancer Therapies
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...