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Whole Genome Sequencing for Rapid Characterization of Rabies Virus Using Nanopore Technology

Whole Genome Sequencing for Rapid Characterization of Rabies Virus Using Nanopore Technology

Published on: August 18, 2023

Bat-transmitted human rabies outbreaks, Brazilian Amazon.

Elizabeth S T da Rosa¹, Ivanete Kotait, Taciana F S Barbosa

¹Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ministry of Health, Av. Almirante Barroso 492, 66093-020 Belém, Brazil.

Emerging Infectious Diseases

|September 13, 2006

Summary

Two bat-transmitted rabies outbreaks in Brazil caused 21 deaths. The isolated rabies virus strains were genetically linked to vampire bat variants, confirming a shared transmission cycle.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Infectious Diseases
Virology

Background:

Bat-transmitted rabies poses a significant public health risk in rural areas.
Paralytic rabies outbreaks have been documented in Brazil, necessitating further investigation into their origins.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate two bat-transmitted rabies outbreaks in Pará State, Brazil.
To characterize the isolated rabies virus strains antigenically and genetically.

Main Methods:

Post-mortem central nervous system specimens were analyzed using immunofluorescent assay and histopathology.
Rabies virus isolation was performed via intracerebral inoculation into suckling mice.
Antigenic characterization and DNA sequencing were employed for strain analysis.

Main Results:

Twenty-one human deaths attributed to paralytic rabies were recorded.
Ten rabies virus strains were isolated from human cases; two additional cases were diagnosed via histopathology.
All isolates were antigenically characterized as Desmodus rotundus variant 3 (AgV3) and genetically linked to vampire bat strains.

Conclusions:

The study confirms a bat-transmitted rabies cycle involving the vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus, in northern Brazil.
Genetic and antigenic data support the classification of the isolates within the D. rotundus-related rabies virus group.
Findings underscore the importance of surveillance and control measures for bat-borne rabies in affected regions.