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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its effects by...
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Adrenergic Agonists: Mixed-Action Agents01:28

Adrenergic Agonists: Mixed-Action Agents

Mixed-action adrenergic agonists, like ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, directly and indirectly affect adrenergic receptors. These agents stimulate adrenoceptors and indirectly release stored neurotransmitters, amplifying the adrenergic response.
Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine lack a catecholamine group, making them less susceptible to degradation by metabolic enzymes. They have increased oral bioavailability and lipophilicity, resulting in a longer duration of action. Their response is reduced by...

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Updated: Jul 20, 2026

A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration
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Published on: January 22, 2016

Management of methamphetamine abuse and dependence.

Walter Ling1, Richard Rawson, Steve Shoptaw

  • 1Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California-Los Angeles, 11075 Santa Monica Boulevard, Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA. lwalter@ix.netcom.com

Current Psychiatry Reports
|September 14, 2006
PubMed
Summary

New research offers insights into methamphetamine dependence and its medical effects. Promising medications like bupropion and modafinil show potential for treating addiction and improving therapy outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Methamphetamine dependence is a significant global health issue.
  • Impacts diverse subgroups including youth, women, and rural populations.
  • Complex consequences necessitate tailored, contextualized treatment approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore new research findings on methamphetamine dependence.
  • To identify potential pharmacologic interventions.
  • To inform evidence-based treatments and future clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neurobiological data on cellular activity.
  • Integration of findings from neuroimaging studies.
  • Analysis of early clinical trials for candidate medications.

Main Results:

  • Neurobiological and neuroimaging data suggest potential pharmacologic targets.
  • Bupropion and modafinil show promise in treating methamphetamine dependence.
  • Candidate medications may improve memory function for behavioral therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Emerging research provides a fresh perspective on methamphetamine addiction.
  • Pharmacologic interventions show potential for treating dependence.
  • Collaboration between clinicians and researchers is crucial for addressing this public health problem.