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Chronometric comparison of actual and imaged complex movement patterns.

Claire Calmels¹, Paul Holmes, Emilie Lopez

¹Département des Sciences du Sport, Institut National du Sport et de l'Education Physique, 11 Avenue du Tremblay, 75012 Paris, France. claire.calmels@insep.fr

Journal of Motor Behavior

|September 14, 2006

Summary

This study found that while the time to mentally rehearse a gymnastic vault matched physical performance time, the action

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Area of Science:

Sport Psychology
Cognitive Neuroscience
Motor Control

Background:

Mental imagery is increasingly recognized as a valuable tool in sports training.
Understanding the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying imagery is crucial for optimizing its application.
The principle of temporal functional equivalence suggests imagery and action share timing characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the temporal functional equivalence between internal imagery, external imagery, and physical execution of a complex motor task.
To compare the timing and temporal organization of a gymnastic vault across different mental rehearsal perspectives and actual performance.

Main Methods:

Sixteen elite gymnasts participated, performing and mentally rehearsing a complex vault.
Ten participants used internal imagery (first-person perspective).
Six participants used external imagery (third-person perspective).

Main Results:

The time taken for mental rehearsal (internal or external imagery) did not significantly differ from the time for physical execution.
However, the temporal organization of movements within the vault differed significantly between imagery conditions and physical performance.
This suggests a lack of temporal functional equivalence.

Conclusions:

The findings do not support the principle of temporal functional equivalence between motor imagery and action execution.
Differences in temporal organization highlight distinct neural processes involved in mental rehearsal versus physical performance.
Further research integrating cognitive neuroscience and psychology is needed to fully elucidate these differences.