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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy the...
What is the Skeletal System?01:02

What is the Skeletal System?

Overview
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice
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Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice

Published on: January 7, 2019

Bone complications in multiple myeloma.

James R Berenson1, Lakshmi Rajdev, Michael Broder

  • 1Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood, California, USA. jberenson@imbcr.org

Cancer Biology & Therapy
|September 14, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Bisphosphonates effectively treat bone complications in multiple myeloma by inhibiting bone resorption and promoting bone formation. These drugs, including clodronate, pamidronate, and zoledronic acid, reduce pain, skeletal-related events, and improve survival.

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Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice
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Establishment of a Human Multiple Myeloma Xenograft Model in the Chicken to Study Tumor Growth, Invasion and Angiogenesis
10:04

Establishment of a Human Multiple Myeloma Xenograft Model in the Chicken to Study Tumor Growth, Invasion and Angiogenesis

Published on: May 1, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma involves malignant plasma cell proliferation, leading to significant bone complications like pain, fractures, and hypercalcemia.
  • The primary mechanism of myeloma bone disease is increased bone resorption due to an imbalance in bone remodeling.
  • Bisphosphonates are crucial in managing these bone complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy of bisphosphonates in treating bone complications associated with multiple myeloma.
  • To explore the mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates on bone cells and their potential anti-myeloma effects.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies evaluating bisphosphonate treatment in multiple myeloma patients.
  • Analysis of bisphosphonate mechanisms, including osteoclast inhibition, apoptosis induction, and osteoblast differentiation promotion.

Main Results:

  • Bisphosphonates (clodronate, pamidronate, zoledronic acid) demonstrated efficacy in reducing pain and skeletal-related events (SREs).
  • These treatments also showed a positive impact on patient survival.
  • Emerging data suggests potential direct and indirect anti-myeloma activity for pamidronate and zoledronic acid.

Conclusions:

  • Bisphosphonates are a cornerstone therapy for managing bone disease in multiple myeloma.
  • Their multifaceted actions on bone remodeling and potential anti-cancer effects warrant continued investigation.