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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves01:24

Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is a crucial component of the body's neural network, extending beyond the central nervous system (CNS) to bridge the gap between the CNS and the external environment. It encompasses nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors.
Nerves
The nerve is a bundle of axons that serves as the communication highway in the PNS. Each nerve is ensheathed in a protective layer of connective tissue called the epineurium. This outermost layer safeguards the nerve and supports the...
Organization of the Nervous System01:13

Organization of the Nervous System

The nervous system is one of the most complex systems in our body. It is organized into two main divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS, comprising the brain and spinal cord, houses billions of neurons. The brain is housed in the skull, while the spinal cord is linked to the brain through the foramen magnum of the occipital bone and is surrounded by the protective structure of the vertebral column. It is responsible for processing various...
Nervous System01:21

Nervous System

The nervous system coordinates body functions through its complex network of nerve cells, enabling sensation and movement. It is divided into two primary parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain acts as the body's control center, processing sensory information and coordinating responses. The spinal cord functions as a major signaling pathway for the brain and the rest of the body.
Extending...
Functional Divisions of the Nervous System01:23

Functional Divisions of the Nervous System

The nervous system, responsible for sensing, integrating, and responding to various stimuli, is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS has two functional divisions: the sensory or afferent division and the motor or efferent division.
The sensory division transmits information from sensory receptors in the body to the CNS. It provides the CNS with knowledge about somatic senses (such as tactile, thermal, pain, and proprioceptive sensations)...
Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
Autonomic Nervous System: Overview01:26

Autonomic Nervous System: Overview

The human nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS contains nerve cells, clusters of nerve cells, and the sensory receptors that are outside the CNS. The PNS has two types of nerve cells: sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent). Sensory cells send signals to the CNS from receptors, and motor cells carry signals from the CNS to organs, muscles, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Increased Recovery Time and Decreased LPS Administration to Study the Vagus Nerve Stimulation Mechanisms in Limited Inflammatory Responses
06:43

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Published on: March 29, 2017

Immune circuitry in the peripheral nervous system.

Bernd C Kieseier1, Hans-Peter Hartung, Heinz Wiendl

  • 1Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Current Opinion in Neurology
|September 14, 2006
PubMed
Summary

This review explores the peripheral nervous system's immune cells and their communication with the body's overall immunity during disease. Understanding these interactions advances therapies for peripheral nerve immune disorders.

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Last Updated: Jul 20, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Immunology

Background:

  • The peripheral nervous system possesses a unique local immune circuitry.
  • Tissue-resident immune cells, including endoneurial macrophages and Schwann cells, play critical roles in PNS immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the local immune network within the peripheral nervous system.
  • To describe the dialogue between PNS immunity and systemic immunity in pathological states.
  • To elucidate the immune functions of endoneurial macrophages and Schwann cells.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on PNS neuroimmunology.
  • Analysis of cellular and extracellular components in peripheral nerve immunity.
  • Investigation of advanced technologies applied to immunoinflammatory disorders of the PNS.

Main Results:

  • Novel insights into the pathogenesis of immune-mediated peripheral nervous system disorders.
  • Elucidation of the complex interplay between cellular and molecular components in PNS immunology.
  • Understanding the organization of the immune network in peripheral nerves.

Conclusions:

  • Cutting-edge technologies enhance understanding of PNS immune networks and their systemic dialogue.
  • This knowledge is crucial for developing targeted therapies for immune-mediated peripheral nerve diseases.
  • Advances in understanding neuroinflammation pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies.