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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Flippase
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution
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Published on: August 16, 2016

Molecular modulation in a hollow fiber.

S Sensarn1, S N Goda, G Y Yin

  • 1Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. sensarn@stanford.edu

Optics Letters
|September 14, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Researchers extended molecular modulation to deuterium-filled optical fibers, generating 12 new wavelengths from 1.56 microm to 254 nm using specific lasers and fiber specifications.

Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear Optics
  • Laser Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Molecular modulation is a technique used to alter the properties of light.
  • Optical fibers offer a versatile medium for light manipulation.
  • Deuterium gas can exhibit unique optical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the application of molecular modulation in a deuterium-filled optical fiber.
  • To explore the generation of new wavelengths through this technique.
  • To characterize the spectral output of the modulated deuterium-filled fiber.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a deuterium-filled optical fiber with a 200 micrometer diameter and 22.5 cm length.
  • Employed driving lasers at 807 nm and 1064 nm with millijoule pulse energies.

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  • Analyzed the generated spectral sidebands.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully generated 12 distinct sidebands.
    • Observed a wide spectral span of generated wavelengths, from 1.56 microm to 254 nm.
    • Demonstrated the feasibility of molecular modulation in a gas-filled fiber system.

    Conclusions:

    • Molecular modulation is effectively extended to deuterium-filled optical fibers.
    • This technique enables broad wavelength generation with potential applications in spectroscopy and optical communications.
    • The results highlight the potential of gas-filled fibers for advanced optical functionalities.