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Risk factors for depression after a disaster.

Cheryl Person1, Melissa Tracy, Sandro Galea

  • 1Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
|September 15, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Following the September 11th attacks, 9.4% of New York City residents experienced probable major depression. Direct impact, panic attacks, and prior trauma increased depression risk after this mass disaster.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Psychology
  • Public Health
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Mass disasters can increase depression prevalence.
  • The September 11, 2001, attacks represent a significant environmental stressor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the prevalence of probable major depression.
  • To identify risk factors for depression in the 6 months post-9/11 attacks.
  • To assess the impact of the World Trade Center attacks on NYC residents' mental health.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional telephone survey.
  • Sample: 2700 representative NYC metropolitan residents.
  • Statistical analysis: Multivariate logistic regression.

Main Results:

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  • Prevalence of probable major depression was 9.4% in the 6 months after the attacks.
  • Independent risk factors identified: direct attack impact, perievent panic attacks, multiple life stressors, prior trauma exposure.
  • Perievent panic attacks showed prognostic value.

Conclusions:

  • Mass traumatic event exposure is an independent environmental risk factor for postdisaster depression.
  • Specific acute reactions like perievent panic attacks may predict depression.
  • Understanding risk factors is crucial for post-disaster mental health interventions.