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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Super-resolution Imaging of the Bacterial Division Machinery

Super-resolution Imaging of the Bacterial Division Machinery

Published on: January 21, 2013

A galaxy at a redshift z = 6.96.

Masanori Iye¹, Kazuaki Ota, Nobunari Kashikawa

¹National Astronomical Observatory, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan. iye@optik.mtk.nao.ac.jp

|September 15, 2006

Summary

Early galaxy formation is confirmed by a spectroscopically identified galaxy at redshift z = 6.96, dating to 750 million years after the Big Bang. This discovery reveals that galaxy assembly was active much earlier in the Universe's history.

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Area of Science:

Cosmology
Galaxy Formation and Evolution
Early Universe Astrophysics

Background:

The precise timing of galaxy formation in the early Universe is not well understood.
Cosmic Microwave Background studies suggest reionization occurred between redshift z = 6 and 14.
Previous spectroscopic evidence for galaxies was limited to z < 6.6, despite photometric candidates at higher redshifts.

Purpose of the Study:

To spectroscopically confirm the existence of galaxies at very high redshifts (z > 7).
To investigate the onset of galaxy formation and star formation activity in the early Universe.
To determine the number density of galaxies at z approximately 7.

Main Methods:

Spectroscopic observation of a galaxy candidate at high redshift.
Analysis of the galaxy's spectrum to identify emission lines, specifically Lyman-alpha.
Determination of the galaxy's redshift and estimation of its star formation rate.

Main Results:

A spectroscopic redshift of z = 6.96 was obtained for a galaxy, corresponding to 750 million years after the Big Bang.
The galaxy spectrum exhibits prominent Lyman-alpha emission, indicating active star formation.
The estimated star formation rate is approximately 10 solar masses per year.

Conclusions:

Galaxy formation was actively occurring when the Universe was only about 6% of its current age.
The number density of galaxies at z approximately 7 is significantly lower (18-36%) than at z = 6.6.
This finding pushes the observational frontier for confirmed early galaxy formation.