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Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

What is the Skeletal System?

What is the Skeletal System?

Hormones and Bone Tissue

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...

Spongy Bone

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

A 3-D Visualization Technique for Bone Remodeling in a Suture Expansion Mouse Model

A 3-D Visualization Technique for Bone Remodeling in a Suture Expansion Mouse Model

Published on: August 18, 2023

[Paget's disease of bone].

Shinjiro Takata¹

¹Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Healthbiosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine

|September 16, 2006

Summary

Paget

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Bone Metabolism
Genetics

Context:

Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a prevalent metabolic bone disorder in Europe, characterized by abnormal bone remodeling.
PDB exhibits distinct geographical and ethnic distributions, suggesting potential etiological factors.
Current understanding points to viral infection or genetic predisposition as possible causes for PDB.

Purpose:

To review the current understanding of Paget's disease of bone.
To discuss the proposed etiologies, including viral and genetic hypotheses.
To outline the therapeutic landscape and advancements in PDB treatment.

Summary:

Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a chronic condition affecting bone turnover, leading to pain, deformity, and fractures.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 20, 2026

A 3-D Visualization Technique for Bone Remodeling in a Suture Expansion Mouse Model

A 3-D Visualization Technique for Bone Remodeling in a Suture Expansion Mouse Model

Published on: August 18, 2023

Etiology is debated, with theories including paramyxovirus infection or genetic factors.

Bisphosphonates, such as etidronate and calcitonin, are key treatments, with new agents like risedronate emerging.

Impact:

Highlights the need for further research into PDB's etiology.
Informs clinicians about current and developing treatment options for Paget's disease.
Emphasizes the importance of understanding geographical and ethnic variations in bone diseases.