Estrogenic activity of triterpene glycosides in yeast two-hybrid assay

Estrogenic potency of six triterpene glycosides, Holothurin A, Holotoxin A1, Frondoside A, Cucumarioside A2-2 and Cauloside C, that are natural products and semi-synthesized Ginsenoside-Rh2, were examined with yeast two-hybrid system, including expressed genes of human estrogen receptor, hERalpha, the co-activator TIF2 and lacZ as a reporter gene. Only Ginsenoside-Rh2 exhibited significant moderate estrogenic activity in the concentration range of 10(-7) to 10(-6)M. Its effect was approximately 30% of the activity of 17beta-estradiol applied at half-effective concentration. This indicates Ginsenosides-Rh2 is a weak phytoestrogen. The sea cucumber triterpene glycosides, Holothurin A, Holotoxin A1, Cucumarioside A2-2 and Frondoside A, and plant glycoside Cauloside C had no appreciable estrogenic activity. Data obtained by yeast two-hybrid assay reflect structure-activity relationship between tested compounds and 17beta-estradiol. Only Ginsenoside-Rh2 has some similarity in chemical structure with 17beta-estradiol that might explain affinity of this glycoside to the hERalpha receptor.