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Related Experiment Videos

Gene expression profiles in mouse urethral development.

Jiang Li1, Emily Willingham, Laurence S Baskin

  • 1Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0738, USA.

BJU International
|September 19, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Gene expression analysis during mouse genital tubercle development reveals key pathways like TGF-beta and Wnt-Frizzled, and thrombospondin 4, crucial for urethral tube formation and understanding hypospadias.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Urology

Background:

  • Hypospadias, a common congenital anomaly, has an unknown etiology.
  • Understanding normal penile development is crucial for investigating hypospadias.
  • The genital tubercle (GT) undergoes significant development during embryonic stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze gene expression profiles in the mouse genital tubercle during urethral tube development.
  • To identify molecular mechanisms underlying normal penile development.
  • To provide insights into the potential causes of hypospadias.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression profiling using cDNA microarrays on mouse GT at embryonic days E14-E17.
  • Analysis of candidate genes via immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction.

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  • Utilized a 16,000-gene mouse array including Incyte GEM2.1 and NIA 7k sets.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified up-regulation of genes in transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and Wnt-Frizzled pathways.
    • Thrombospondin (TSP) 4, a cell-migration molecule, was also found to be up-regulated.
    • TGFbeta1, TGFbeta receptor III, and Frizzled1 were expressed in urethral epithelium; TSP4 in the mesenchymal basal layer.

    Conclusions:

    • Multiple signaling pathways are involved in late genital tubercle development.
    • Cell migration molecules, such as TSP4, may play a significant role in urethral tube formation.
    • These findings contribute to understanding the molecular basis of hypospadias.