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Hepatitis C and pregnancy.

James Airoldi1, Vincenzo Berghella

  • 1Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. james.airoldi@mail.tju.edu

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey
|September 19, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis C (HCV) can transmit from mother to child. HIV coinfection increases this risk, but treatment may lower it. Delivery method and gestational age do not impact HCV transmission.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C is a common chronic bloodborne infection.
  • Understanding vertical transmission is crucial for maternal and infant health.
  • Diagnosis relies on specific HCV RNA and antibody testing in infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To inform healthcare providers about vertical hepatitis C transmission.
  • To highlight risk factors and preventive measures for mother-to-child HCV transmission.
  • To clarify the impact of HIV coinfection and obstetric practices on transmission rates.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on hepatitis C vertical transmission.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria for infant HCV infection.
  • Evaluation of factors influencing transmission, including HIV status, delivery mode, and gestational age.

Main Results:

  • Vertical transmission rates are higher in HCV RNA-positive women (4-6%) compared to negative (1-3%).
  • HIV coinfection significantly increases HCV transmission risk, potentially reduced by antiretroviral therapy.
  • No association found between gestational age, chorioamnionitis, or cesarean delivery and HCV transmission in HIV-negative women.

Conclusions:

  • Vertical transmission of Hepatitis C occurs, with increased risk in HIV-coinfected individuals.
  • Certain practices like scalp electrode use are discouraged due to transmission risk.
  • Breastfeeding is generally safe for HIV-negative mothers but discouraged in coinfected mothers with access to formula.

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