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Target Cell Response to Hormones

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

Hormonal therapy: does it increase or decrease cardiovascular risk?

Peter F Schnatz1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Internal Medicine, The University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA. pschnat@harthosp.org

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey
|September 19, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Hormonal therapy (HT) use in women

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular health
  • Women's health
  • Hormonal therapy

Background:

  • Controversy surrounding hormonal therapy (HT) in women's health.
  • Conflicting data on cardiovascular risk versus benefit of HT.
  • Observational studies suggested cardiovascular protection with HT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a historical perspective on HT and coronary artery disease (CAD).
  • To analyze key trial data (HERS, WHI) alongside newer findings.
  • To explain potential cardiovascular protection from early HT initiation.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of HT and CAD literature.
  • Analysis of Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) data.
  • Analysis of Women's Health Initiative (WHI) data.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 20, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

Main Results:

  • Conflicting results from observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • HERS and WHI trials introduced debate on HT's cardiovascular safety.
  • Newer data suggest early HT initiation may offer cardiovascular protection.

Conclusions:

  • Controversy persists regarding HT use for menopause.
  • Conflicting data necessitate careful interpretation of study findings.
  • Early initiation of HT may provide cardiovascular benefits, reconciling previous study outcomes.