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Updated: Jul 20, 2026
Multiplexed Immunofluorescence Analysis and Quantification of Intratumoral PD-1+ Tim-3+ CD8+ T Cells
Published on: February 8, 2018
The relevance of RT-PCR detection of disseminated tumour cells is hampered by the expression of markers regarded as
Magdalena Kowalewska1, Magdalena Chechlińska, Sergiusz Markowicz
1Department of Molecular Biology, The Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland. magdak@coi.waw.pl
Abstract:
Marker genes, commonly used to detect circulating tumour cells in RT-PCR-based tests: squamous-cell carcinoma antigen, epidermal growth factor receptor, mammaglobin, small breast epithelial mucin, but not carbonic anhydrase 9, were shown to be expressed in normal, mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC). Thus, considering the inflammatory reactions often accompanying cancer development, to reduce false-positive results of the metastatic tumour cell tests, molecular markers should be validated not against normal peripheral blood, but against activated lymphoid cells, such as in vitro mitogen-stimulated PBMNC.
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