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Related Concept Videos

Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins02:26

Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins

Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain.  Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to form...
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order to...
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order to...
Globular and Fibrous Proteins02:21

Globular and Fibrous Proteins

Many proteins can be classified into two distinct subtypes - globular or fibrous. These two types differ in their shapes and solubilities.
Globular proteins are also known as spheroproteins and typically are approximately round in shape. They contain a mix of amino acid types and contain differing sequences in their primary structures. Globular proteins have many different functions, such as enzymes, cellular messengers, and molecular transporters. These roles often require the proteins to be...
Globular and Fibrous Proteins02:21

Globular and Fibrous Proteins

Many proteins can be classified into two distinct subtypes - globular or fibrous. These two types differ in their shapes and solubilities.
Globular proteins are also known as spheroproteins and typically are approximately round in shape. They contain a mix of amino acid types and contain differing sequences in their primary structures. Globular proteins have many different functions, such as enzymes, cellular messengers, and molecular transporters. These roles often require the proteins to be...
Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...

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Identification and Classification of Position-specific GABAA Receptor Subunit Missense Variants for Their Role In Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons
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Computational characterization of multiple Gag-like human proteins.

Mónica Campillos1, Tobias Doerks, Parantu K Shah

  • 1EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. campillo@embl.de

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|September 19, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Scientists discovered 85 human genes encoding 103 protein isoforms similar to retroviral Gag proteins. These genes originated from retrotransposons and have evolved, offering insights into both cellular functions and viral protein mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Retroviral Gag proteins are essential structural components of retroviruses.
  • Retrotransposons are mobile genetic elements that can shape host genomes.
  • The evolutionary origins of endogenous retroviral elements in vertebrates are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize human genes encoding Gag-like proteins.
  • To investigate the evolutionary history and potential functions of these domesticated genes.
  • To explore the relationship between cellular Gag homologs and viral Gag proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide gene analysis
  • Bioinformatic identification of protein homology
  • Phylogenetic analysis of gene evolution
  • Structural and functional domain inference

Main Results:

  • Identified 85 human genes encoding 103 protein isoforms with Gag-like features.
  • These genes originated from at least five independent retrotransposon domestication events in vertebrates.
  • Mammalian Gag homologs show potential roles in apoptosis and ubiquitin ligase binding.

Conclusions:

  • Human genomes contain a significant repertoire of domesticated retroviral genes.
  • These cellular Gag homologs provide insights into the evolution of viral Gag proteins.
  • Understanding cellular Gag homologs may reveal novel functions of viral Gag proteins and host-pathogen interactions.