Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Surface Active Agents01:27

Surface Active Agents

Surfactants, named for their behavior at interfaces, positively adsorb at the interfaces of two phases, reducing interfacial tension. Their versatility as emulsifiers, detergents, and foaming agents stems from this ability. Surfactants, often termed amphiphiles, share the property of amphipathy, with molecules having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions. The hydrophilic part is called the head, and the hydrophobic part, including an elongated alkyl substituent, forms the tail.Surfactants...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Micelles01:30

Micelles

Micelle formation is an intricate process that hinges on the properties of amphiphilic or amphipathic molecules and the conditions of the system in which they are found. Amphiphilic molecules, which have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) parts, play a critical role in this process.In aqueous environments, these molecules arrange themselves such that their hydrophilic heads are turned towards the water phase, while their hydrophobic tails are oriented away...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Editorial Comment to Video-urodynamic effects of vibegron, a new selective β3-adrenoceptor agonist, on antimuscarinic-resistant neurogenic bladder dysfunction in patients with spina bifida.

International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association·2021
Same author

Lubrication by Adsorption Films of Hydrophilic Amine-based Protic Ionic Liquids: Effect of Anion Species.

Journal of oleo science·2021
Same author

Oral administration of E-type prostanoid (EP) 1 receptor antagonist suppresses carcinogenesis and development of prostate cancer via upregulation of apoptosis in an animal model.

Scientific reports·2021
Same author

Correlation between a Bedridden Status and the Long-term Outcome in Hemodialysis Patients after Intracerebral Hemorrhaging.

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)·2021
Same author

Regulation of TRPV1 channel activities by intracellular ATP in the absence of capsaicin.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes·2021
Same author

Pathological significance and prognostic role of LATS2 in prostate cancer.

The Prostate·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
10:53

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

Published on: October 10, 2016

Polymerizable cationic gemini surfactant.

Masahiko Abe1, Kazuyuki Tsubone, Takaaki Koike

  • 1Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|September 20, 2006
PubMed
Summary

A novel polymerizable cationic gemini surfactant was synthesized and its interfacial properties were studied. Polymerized micelles of this gemini surfactant form small, spherical particles, indicating potential applications in materials science.

More Related Videos

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites
12:21

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites

Published on: February 6, 2016

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
07:39

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: June 8, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
10:53

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

Published on: October 10, 2016

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites
12:21

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites

Published on: February 6, 2016

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
07:39

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: June 8, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Chemistry
  • Polymer Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Gemini surfactants, characterized by two hydrophilic heads and two hydrophobic tails linked by a spacer, exhibit unique interfacial properties compared to conventional single-chain surfactants.
  • Polymerizable surfactants offer the ability to form stable polymeric structures through micelle polymerization, leading to novel materials with tailored properties.
  • Understanding the interfacial behavior of cationic gemini surfactants is crucial for applications in areas such as drug delivery, coatings, and nanotechnology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a novel polymerizable cationic gemini surfactant with methacryloxy groups.
  • To investigate and compare the interfacial properties of the synthesized gemini surfactant with its corresponding monomeric surfactant.
  • To characterize the structure and properties of polymerized micelles formed from the gemini surfactant.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of the polymerizable cationic gemini surfactant ([CH(2)=C(CH(3))COO(CH(2))(11)N(+)CH(3))(2)CH(2)](2).2Br(-), 1) and its monomeric counterpart (CH(2)=C(CH(3))COO(CH(2))(11)N(+)(CH(3))(3).Br(-), 2).
  • Interfacial property measurements including critical micelle concentration (cmc), surface tension reduction, surface excess concentration, and minimum area per molecule.
  • Characterization of polymerized micelles using techniques to determine size, shape, and monodispersity (e.g., dynamic light scattering).

Main Results:

  • The polymerizable gemini surfactant (1) exhibited distinct interfacial behavior compared to the monomeric surfactant (2), with methacryloxy groups not directly interacting with the air/water interface in the monolayer.
  • Key interfacial parameters such as cmc, C(20), gamma(cmc), Gamma(cmc), and A(min) were determined for both surfactants.
  • Polymerized micelles of the gemini surfactant were found to be small (mean diameter of 3 nm), monodisperse, and spherical.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized polymerizable cationic gemini surfactant possesses unique interfacial characteristics.
  • The study provides insights into the self-assembly behavior and interfacial adsorption of gemini surfactants.
  • The formation of small, uniform polymerized micelles suggests potential for controlled nanomaterial fabrication.