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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters01:16

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters

The pharmacogenetics of drug transporters is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing interindividual variability in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. These membrane-bound proteins regulate drugs' movement across cellular barriers by actively pumping them out (efflux) or facilitating their uptake (influx). Among the major transporter families, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play particularly prominent roles. Genetic polymorphisms...
The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...

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Related Experiment Video

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Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution
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Published on: August 16, 2016

SLC41A2 encodes a plasma-membrane Mg2+ transporter.

Jaya Sahni1, Bruce Nelson, Andrew M Scharenberg

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, and Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Suite 300, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

The Biochemical Journal
|September 21, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Solute carrier family 41 member 2 (SLC41A2) acts as a magnesium (Mg2+) transporter in vertebrate cells. This study shows SLC41A2 complements TRPM7-deficient cells, enabling Mg2+ uptake and growth.

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Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

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11:55

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Published on: August 16, 2016

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High-Throughput Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carriers for Structural and Biochemical Studies

Published on: September 29, 2023

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09:12

Selection of Transporter-Targeted Inhibitory Nanobodies by Solid-Supported-Membrane (SSM)-Based Electrophysiology

Published on: May 3, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is a known ion channel involved in cellular magnesium (Mg2+) uptake.
  • TRPM7-deficient cells exhibit residual Mg2+ uptake, suggesting alternative Mg2+ transport mechanisms exist.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of solute carrier family 41 (SLC41) members in Mg2+ transport.
  • To characterize the function of SLC41A2 as a potential Mg2+ transporter in vertebrate cells.

Main Methods:

  • Gene targeting in DT40 B-lymphocytes to create TRPM7-deficient cells.
  • Heterologous expression of SLC41A2 and characterization of its protein topology and localization.
  • Measurement of 26Mg2+ uptake and cell proliferation assays in response to SLC41A2 expression.

Main Results:

  • SLC41A2 is expressed in both wild-type and TRPM7-deficient cells and localizes to the plasma membrane.
  • SLC41A2 expression in TRPM7-deficient cells enhanced 26Mg2+ uptake and restored growth in low-Mg2+ conditions.
  • No ion channel activity was detected for SLC41A2 in DT40 cells, but it mediated Mg2+ transport.

Conclusions:

  • SLC41A2 functions as a trans-plasma-membrane Mg2+ transporter in vertebrate cells.
  • SLC41A2 represents a novel Mg2+ uptake pathway independent of TRPM7.