Trans-basement membrane migration of human basophils: role of matrix metalloproteinase-9

In allergic disorders, basophils migrate from the blood stream to inflamed tissue sites. Since trans-basement membrane migration is an important step for local basophil accumulation, we performed a human basophil transmigration assay using a model basement membrane, Matrigel. IL-3 in the upper chamber was critical for basophil trans-basement membrane migration over baseline levels, since none of the chemoattractants placed in the lower chambers induced migration. RANTES, IL-8, 5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) significantly up-regulated the transmigration of IL-3-treated basophils. Neutralizing experiments indicated the involvement of beta2 integrin and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9 in basophil transmigration. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that basophils constitutively expressed transcripts for MMP-9, and at lower levels, MMP-2, but cell-surface expression was only detected for MMP-9. MMP-9 was also detected in the cytoplasm and culture supernatant of the basophils. Treatment with IL-3 up-regulated the surface level of MMP-9 on the basophils. Our results suggest that basophils possess a unique regulatory mechanism for trans-basement membrane migration which is affected by cytokines, chemoattractants, beta2 integrin and MMPs, especially MMP-9. MMP-9 may be critically involved in the pathogenesis of local basophil influx in allergic diseases.