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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Magnetic Resonance-Guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Generated Hyperthermia: A Feasible Treatment Method in a Murine Rhabdomyosarcoma Model
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Cancer cryotherapy: evolution and biology.

Dan Theodorescu

    Reviews in Urology
    |September 21, 2006
    PubMed
    Summary

    Modern cryosurgery uses advanced technology for effective tissue destruction. Key factors include precise monitoring, rapid freezing, slow thawing, and repeated cycles, enhanced by new argon and helium devices.

    Area of Science:

    • Surgical Technology
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Cryosurgery has evolved significantly since the 1850s, driven by advances in multiple scientific disciplines.
    • Effective cryosurgical tissue ablation relies on four critical parameters: monitoring, rapid cooling, slow thawing, and freeze-thaw cycle repetition.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the technological advancements in cryosurgery.
    • To highlight the key criteria for effective cryosurgical tissue injury.
    • To discuss the advantages of third-generation cryosurgical equipment.

    Main Methods:

    • Discussion of imaging technologies for iceball visualization.
    • Analysis of cryogen types (argon, helium) and their role in freezing and thawing.
    • Examination of probe design, size, and arrangement, including metallurgical advances.

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    Magnetic Resonance-Guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Generated Hyperthermia: A Feasible Treatment Method in a Murine Rhabdomyosarcoma Model
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    Main Results:

    • Third-generation cryosurgical devices utilize argon for freezing and helium for rapid warming, enhancing safety and treatment acceleration.
    • Thinner probes have been developed, facilitating adaptation to templates for procedures like prostate brachytherapy.

    Conclusions:

    • Sophisticated cryosurgical devices integrate advances in multiple scientific fields.
    • Optimizing cryosurgery requires understanding imaging, cryogens, and probe characteristics.
    • Newer equipment offers improved control, safety, and applicability in minimally invasive procedures.