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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer

Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer

Published on: November 2, 2013

Prostate cancer: serum and tissue markers.

G J Miller, M K Brawer, W A Sakr

Reviews in Urology

|September 21, 2006

Summary

This review covers advances in prostate cancer detection and prognosis. New assays, molecular markers, vitamin D, and insulin-like growth factor correlations are discussed, alongside updated radiologic staging.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Urology
Biochemistry

Background:

Prostate cancer detection, staging, and prognosis are critical for clinical management.
The digital rectal exam is being replaced by advanced diagnostic techniques.
Serum and tissue-based assays are increasingly important.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in prostate cancer diagnostics and prognostics.
To highlight novel serum and tissue-based assays.
To explore emerging biomarkers and risk factors.

Main Methods:

Review of recent scientific literature and clinical studies.
Analysis of progress in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assay development.
Examination of molecular markers, including DNA ploidy, nuclear morphometry, proliferation markers, and cell adhesion molecules.

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miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

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Investigation of the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and prostate cancer.

Assessment of serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF) levels and prostate cancer risk.

Review of the latest radiologic staging techniques.

Main Results:

Development of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assays with improved specificity.
Identification of various molecular markers for enhanced prostate cancer detection and characterization.
Evidence suggesting a link between vitamin D deficiency and prostate cancer development.
Potential correlation between serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF) levels and prostate cancer risk.
Significant advancements in radiologic staging methods for prostate cancer.

Conclusions:

Novel diagnostic and prognostic tools are improving prostate cancer management.
Molecular markers and risk factor analysis offer new avenues for early detection and personalized treatment.
Continued research into biomarkers and imaging techniques is essential for optimizing patient outcomes.