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Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...

Stimulants

Stimulants

Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
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CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its effects by...

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Adrenergic Agonists: Mixed-Action Agents

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A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration

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Prescription stimulant abuse.

Robert L DuPont

Pediatric Annals

|September 22, 2006

Summary

This issue addresses nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, offering solutions for clinicians. Reducing misuse protects ADHD treatment efficacy and benefits patients, with broader applications for controlled substances.

Area of Science:

Pediatric Medicine
Pharmacology
Clinical Practice

Background:

Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants poses challenges in clinical practice.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) treatment involves medications and nonmedication therapies.

Discussion:

This issue aims to enhance clinician understanding of problems and solutions related to nonmedical stimulant use.
Strategies are presented to mitigate misuse while ensuring appropriate ADHD treatment.

Key Insights:

Reducing nonmedical stimulant use is crucial for preserving the integrity of ADHD treatment.
Effective management strategies can safeguard stimulant medications for legitimate therapeutic purposes.

Outlook:

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Lessons learned can inform best practices for managing other controlled substances.

Protecting ADHD patient access to necessary treatments is a primary objective.