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Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
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Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
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Establishment of a Robust and Reproducible Model of Radiation-Induced Skin and Muscle Fibrosis
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Radiation enteropathy.

D P Toomey1, R A Cahill, J Geraghty

  • 1Department of Surgery, AMNCH, Tallaght, Dublin 24.

Irish Medical Journal
|September 22, 2006
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiation enteritis, a severe intestinal disorder from radiotherapy, requires careful diagnosis to distinguish it from bowel obstruction. Understanding its management and prevention is crucial as its incidence rises with increased cancer treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Radiation enteritis is a significant gastrointestinal complication following abdominal, pelvic, or rectal radiotherapy.
  • It manifests acutely or chronically, potentially leading to life-threatening sequelae.
  • Increasing use of radiotherapy for abdominal/pelvic malignancies suggests a rise in radiation enteropathy incidence.

Observation:

  • Presents two cases of severe radiation enteritis.
  • Highlights diagnostic challenges, particularly differentiating from mechanical bowel obstruction.
  • Reviews pathophysiology, management strategies, and preventative measures.

Findings:

  • Radiation enteritis presents unique diagnostic hurdles.
  • Distinguishing it from mechanical bowel obstruction is critical for appropriate patient management.
  • Effective management and prevention strategies are essential for improving patient outcomes.

Implications:

  • Early and accurate diagnosis of radiation enteritis is vital.
  • Improved understanding of pathophysiology can guide novel therapeutic approaches.
  • Proactive management and preventative strategies are necessary to mitigate long-term complications and improve quality of life for cancer patients.