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Related Experiment Videos

NADPH oxidases in the kidney.

Pritmohinder S Gill1, Christopher S Wilcox

  • 1Angiogenesis Section, Lombardi Cancer Center, Cardiovascular-Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20007, USA.

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
|September 22, 2006
PubMed
Summary

NADPH oxidases in the kidney produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributing to hypertension and nephropathy. Targeting components like p22(phox) and p47(phox) may offer therapeutic avenues for kidney disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • NADPH oxidases (NOX) are key sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the kidney.
  • Kidney cells, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells (EC), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), mesangial cells (MC), tubular cells, and podocytes, express NOX components.
  • NOX activity is elevated by angiotensin II (Ang II) and high salt diets, factors implicated in hypertension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cellular localization, signaling pathways, and functional roles of NADPH oxidases in the kidney.
  • To explore the involvement of renal NADPH oxidases in the pathogenesis of hypertension and diabetic nephropathy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental studies detailing the distribution and function of NADPH oxidases in renal cells.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of studies using small interference RNAs (siRNAs) targeting p22(phox) and apocynin for p47(phox) activation.

    • Main Results:

    • NADPH oxidase components and isoforms (Nox-1, Nox-4) are expressed in various kidney structures, notably renal vessels, glomeruli, podocytes, and tubules.
    • NADPH oxidase activity is upregulated by Ang II and high salt intake.
    • p22(phox) is implicated in Ang II-induced renal NADPH oxidase activation, oxidative stress, and hypertension.
    • p47(phox) activation is linked to nephropathy in a rat model of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).

    Conclusions:

    • Renal NADPH oxidases play a significant pathophysiological role in hypertension and diabetic nephropathy.
    • Specific NOX components are crucial in mediating oxidative stress and kidney damage.
    • Understanding NOX distribution and function provides insights into therapeutic strategies for kidney diseases.