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Updated: Jul 19, 2026
Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination
Published on: July 7, 2016
Sagittal plane range of motion of the pediatric ankle joint: a reliability study
Angela M Evans1, Sheila D Scutter
1School of Health Science, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Abstract:
Measurement of ankle dorsiflexion is a routine part of the podiatric examination of children, yet the reliability of this measure is largely unknown in healthy individuals. This study assessed the intrarater and interrater reliability of the first and second resistance levels of sagittal ankle range of motion in 4- to 6-year-old children. The results show that measures of ankle dorsiflexion in children are highly variable among examiners, and, in general, gastrocnemius range of motion is more reliable than soleal range of motion.
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01:10Ankle Joint
00:51Anatomical Movements
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist, metacarpophalangeal,...
01:09Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...