Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Embryo Transfer Surgery via Laparotomy in Gilts
Published on: October 18, 2024
A double nuclear transfer technique for cloning pigs
Irina A Polejaeva1, Shawn Walker, Keith Campbell
1Advanced Reproductive Technologies, ViaGen, Inc., Austin, TX, USA.
Abstract:
The first round of double nuclear transfer (NT) procedure includes the following steps: transfer of somatic cell nuclei into enucleated recipient oocytes, fusion, activation, and culture of reconstructed oocytes. The next day, a second round of NT is performed by removing karyoplasts from 1-d-old NT embryos and transferring them into in vivo-derived zygotes from which the two pronuclei have been removed. Couplets are then fused using an electrical pulse and transferred into synchronized recipient gilts. This system, which uses fertilized oocytes as cytoplast recipients, bypasses the inefficiencies of artificial activation procedures, and may promote more successful development.
Related Concept Videos
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming
Cloning of Dolly the Sheep
Reproductive Cloning
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...
Reproductive Cloning
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

