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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis
Published on: September 12, 2019
Sorafenib
1Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
Purpose Of Review:
Sorafenib is an oral, multikinase inhibitor that was recently approved for use in metastatic renal cancer. It is currently undergoing investigation in locally advanced renal cancer and in other tumor types.
Recent Findings:
Sorafenib was initially developed as an inhibitor of Raf kinase; however, it has broad spectrum activity against multiple tyrosine kinases, including angiogenic factors VEGFR and PDGFR. Common toxicities experienced with sorafenib include hypertension, hand-foot syndrome, rash, diarrhea and fatigue. Early clinical trials suggested that sorafenib acts as a cytostatic agent, as many patients experienced prolonged disease stabilization but insufficient tumor shrinkage to meet RECIST criteria for response. To assess whether sorafenib's growth inhibition translated into a clinical benefit, a phase II randomized discontinuation trial was designed. This trial demonstrated that sorafenib increased progression-free survival in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer; the phase II data were confirmed in a large international phase III trial.
Summary:
In this review, we will discuss the clinical development of sorafenib and its role in the treatment of renal cancer. Additionally, we will highlight critical methods of clinical trial design and biomarker development that contribute to the development of sorafenib.
Insights
Sorafenib, an oral multikinase inhibitor, demonstrated increased progression-free survival in metastatic renal cell cancer patients. This finding was confirmed in phase III trials, establishing its role in renal cancer treatment.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
- Clinical Trials
Background:
- Sorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor approved for metastatic renal cancer.
- It targets multiple tyrosine kinases, including VEGFR and PDGFR, and Raf kinase.
- Investigational use extends to locally advanced renal cancer and other tumor types.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical development of sorafenib.
- To discuss its role in treating renal cancer.
- To highlight clinical trial design and biomarker development.
Main Methods:
- Phase II randomized discontinuation trial to assess clinical benefit.
- Phase III international trial to confirm phase II findings.
- Review of clinical development and trial methodologies.
Main Results:
- Sorafenib demonstrated prolonged disease stabilization in early trials.
- A phase II trial showed increased progression-free survival in metastatic renal cell cancer.
- Phase III trials confirmed these positive outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Sorafenib has a significant role in the treatment of renal cancer.
- Effective clinical trial design and biomarker development are crucial for drug advancement.
- Further research into sorafenib's application in various cancers is ongoing.
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