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The morphology and function of the quadrate ligament
R S Tubbs1, M M Shoja, A A Khaki
1Pediatric Neurosurgery Children's Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. rstubbs@uab.edu
Folia Morphologica
|September 22, 2006
Summary
The quadrate ligament, a key elbow joint capsule thickening, was found in all cadavers. This ligament stabilizes the proximal radioulnar joint, limiting forearm rotation and aiding in radius-ulna stability.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Anatomy
- Biomechanics
Background:
- Limited and conflicting literature exists on the quadrate ligament's anatomy and function.
- The quadrate ligament's role in proximal radioulnar joint stability is not well-defined.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the morphology and function of the quadrate ligament.
- To clarify the quadrate ligament's contribution to forearm stability.
Main Methods:
- Dissection of 30 cadavers (60 sides) to examine the quadrate ligament.
- Measurement of the quadrate ligament's dimensions (length, width, thickness).
- Assessment of forearm rotational stability before and after quadrate ligament transection.
Main Results:
- A distinct quadrate ligament was identified in all specimens, separate from the annular ligament.
- The average dimensions of the quadrate ligament were 11 mm (length), 8 mm (width), and 1 mm (thickness).
- Transection of the quadrate ligament reduced radioulnar stability and increased forearm supination (10-20 degrees) and pronation (5-8 degrees).
Conclusions:
- The quadrate ligament is crucial for proximal radioulnar stability and limits forearm "spin".
- It plays a significant role in resisting supination and, to a lesser extent, pronation.
- Understanding the quadrate ligament is essential for elbow manipulation, surgery, and imaging.
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