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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
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Vaccinations

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Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Cross-reactivity00:42

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Yellow Fever01:18

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Multicellular Human Alveolar Model Composed of Epithelial Cells and Primary Immune Cells for Hazard Assessment
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Published on: May 6, 2020

Universal mass vaccination against hepatitis A.

F E André1

  • 1feandre@yahoo.com

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
|September 23, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Mass vaccination with the hepatitis A vaccine dramatically reduces disease incidence, conferring herd immunity. This cost-effective strategy could lead to hepatitis A virus (HAV) eradication.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis A virus (HAV) poses a significant disease burden.
  • Initial hepatitis A vaccine recommendations targeted high-risk groups, with limited population-level impact expected.
  • HAV epidemiology and disease burden necessitate effective control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the virology, epidemiology, and disease burden of HAV.
  • To describe the development and implementation of hepatitis A vaccination programs.
  • To evaluate the impact of mass vaccination on HAV incidence and herd immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Survey of HAV virology and epidemiology.
  • Review of hepatitis A vaccine development (live and killed vaccines).

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  • Description of mass vaccination programs in Israel, Bahrain, Australia, China, Byelorussia, Italy, Spain, and the US.

    • Main Results:

    • Mass vaccination programs led to spectacular reductions in HAV incidence in vaccinated cohorts and the general population.
    • Evidence confirms that hepatitis A vaccination confers herd immunity when key spreaders are immunized.
    • Pharmacoeconomic studies indicate cost-effectiveness for HAV control.

    Conclusions:

    • Mass hepatitis A vaccination is a highly effective strategy for reducing disease incidence and achieving herd immunity.
    • Hepatitis A eradication is conceivable due to durable vaccine-induced immunity, potentially easier than polio eradication.
    • Widespread adoption of mass vaccination programs is encouraged for HAV control and potential eradication.