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Laboratory Techniques Used to Maintain and Differentiate Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae Clinical and Environmental Isolates
Published on: May 30, 2017
Live attenuated oral cholera vaccines
Edward T Ryan1, Stephen B Calderwood, Firdausi Qadri
1Massachusetts General Hospital Tropical & Geographic Medicine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Jackson 504 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA. etryan@partners.org
Expert Review of Vaccines
|September 23, 2006
Summary
Live oral cholera vaccines offer advantages like single-dose protection and improved immune response. However, pre-existing immunity may reduce their effectiveness in endemic regions, requiring further development and evaluation.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Live, orally administered, attenuated Vibrio cholerae vaccines present theoretical advantages over killed vaccines.
- These include potential for single-dose inoculation, intestinal colonization, and enhanced immune responses.
- Live vaccines may also elicit improved protection by responding to the intestinal environment and in vivo expressed bacterial products.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the development and evaluation of live oral cholera vaccines.
- To discuss their potential benefits and limitations, particularly in partially immune populations.
Main Methods:
- Development of attenuated Vibrio cholerae strains for oral administration.
- Evaluation of vaccine efficacy against classical, El Tor (V. cholerae O1), and O139 serotypes.
Main Results:
- Several live oral cholera vaccine candidates have been developed, including CVD 103-HgR, Peru-15, V. cholerae 638 (for O1), and CVD 112, Bengal-15 (for O139).
- A key concern is reduced effectiveness in partially immune individuals due to pre-existing antibodies inhibiting colonization.
Conclusions:
- Live oral cholera vaccines are in various stages of development and evaluation.
- While offering theoretical advantages, their efficacy in populations with pre-existing immunity requires careful consideration and further research.
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